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Imperial Examination
清代國子監監照
清 康熙24年(1685)
License of the Imperial College Student, 1685
60.5 長× 60寬cm
寄2023-1884
【說明】
清朝為籌措經費，實施國子監監生資格的捐納。康熙朝更因三藩反清，為軍費而開辦知縣等官職的捐納，據統計，大小捐納總計有45次之多。
報捐者首先要以書面申請，經過官方審核，身家清白、無欠賦稅、無官司牽連，方可向戶部繳納銀兩，並向國子監領取「監照」。一般監照會依戶部的冊籍填入報捐者個資，包括姓名、籍貫、年齡、身高、容貌以及報捐時的身分等。在發行之年月處鈐印滿漢文「國子監印」。硃筆批「實」，為確認各項記載無誤，硃筆批「行」為批准發行。一般頂上滿文有六字，花紋通常是木刻紋路，此件滿文只有四字且為手繪紋路。或許是因為年代較早，有所差異。
【Description】
During the Qing Dynasty, to raise funds, the government allowed individuals to purchase qualifications for Guozijian studentships. Under the Kangxi Emperor(1662-1722), due to the rebellion of the Three Feudatories, the government extended this practice to include official positions like county magistrates to fund the military, with a total of 45 different instances recorded.
Applicants had to submit a written application and undergo official review to ensure they had a clean background. Once approved, they would pay the required amount to the Ministry of Revenue and receive a license from the Guozijian. This license included personal details such as name, origin, age, height, appearance, and status at the time of donation. It bore the Guozijian seal in both Chinese and Manchu, and red ink notations indicated verification and approval. Most licenses had woodcut patterns with six Manchu characters at the top. This particular license has only four characters and hand-drawn patterns, likely due to its earlier issuance.