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Imperial Examination
朱熹款「鳶飛魚躍」匾額
Inscribed Board in Zhu Xi's Style
38長×109寬 cm
館藏2023-0003
捐贈人:梅廣、張臨生
【釋文】
鳶飛魚躍
【款式】
新安朱熹書
【說明】
鳶飛魚躍,語出《詩經》:「鳶飛戾天,魚躍於淵。」喻萬物任其天性而動,各得其所。南宋大儒朱熹(1130-1200)喜愛此詞句以教導學生,也很喜歡題此四字,學貴自得,有儒學活潑自由的意象,因此各地書院常有此四字的匾額。
本件作品為捐贈人購於韓國,其螺鈿與平塗漆藝亦接近韓國傳統裝飾習尚,推測或許也是接受儒學的韓國書院遺物。明清科舉考試,常以朱熹四書章句作為官方儒學的標準範本,拘泥文字,限縮思考,實已失朱熹原面目。
【Description】
The phrase "Soaring Kite and Leaping Fish" comes from the Book of Songs, symbolizing all creatures moving according to their nature, each finding its proper place. The renowned Southern Song scholar Zhu Xi (1130-1200) loved using this phrase to teach students, and frequently autographed these four characters, appreciating its representation of lively and free Confucian thought. Consequently, it became a common plaque inscription in academies. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial exams rigidly adhered to Zhu Xi's interpretations of Confucian texts, ironically limiting the free thought he valued.
This piece was purchased in Korea by the donor. Its mother-of-pearl inlay and lacquer craftsmanship reflect traditional Korean decorative styles, suggesting it might be a relic from a Korean academy influenced by Confucianism.